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Types of Errors – Active Errors Active errors or failures occur when individuals are in direct contact with the work process, such as a nurse providing care to a patient or a medical technologist performing tests. Their actions and decisions may result in failures that can immediately or directly impact patient safety. Active failures can be thought of as occurring at the "sharp end." Individuals at the sharp end are in direct contact with the work process itself - for example, giving medication to a patient or setting up equipment for use with a patient.
1. knowledge-based failure – occurs when individuals are unable to apply their existing knowledge to new situations or when a trainee is expected to perform a task they are not trained to
2. rule-based failure – occurs when a person fails to carry out a procedure or protocol correctly or chooses the wrong procedure. This type of failure could happen because the person:
3. skill-based failure – occurs when a person fails in the performance of a routine task that normally requires little conscious effort. Most of us operate in the skill-based mode for many of the activities that we perform on a daily basis. If a routine is changed or interrupted, an error may occur.
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